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Master's degree
A master's degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate or graduate course of one to three years in duration. In the United Kingdom it is sometimes awarded for an undergraduate student whose final year consists of higher-level courses and a major research project. The ancient universities of Scotland (Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow and St Andrews) award an MA (Master of Arts) as their normal undergraduate degree after four years of study in Arts, Humanities or Social Sciences. In the recently standardized European system of higher education diplomas, it corresponds to a two-year graduate program to be entered after three years of undergraduate studies and in preparation for either high-qualification employment or for doctoral studies.
Master's degrees are often prefixed with magister, which is Latin for master, teacher. In some languages, magister or its cognate is the word used for person who has the degree.
MA, MS, MSc, MSE, AM, SM
The Master of Arts (Magister Artium) and Master of Science (Magister Scientiæ) degrees are the basic type in most subjects and may be entirely course-based, entirely research-based or (more typically) a mixture.
Admission to a master's program is normally contingent upon holding a bachelor's degree, and progressing to a doctoral program usually requires a master's degree. In the United Kingdom however this is not always the case, access to Masters level courses can be granted if the applicant has work based experience that displays technical knowledge or relevance to the field (i.e. social workers often become accepted for Masters Degree's in Sociology). This trend is becoming accepted internationally with USA universities among others beginning to accept non academically backed applicants. In some fields or graduate programs, work on a doctorate begins immediately after the bachelors degree (in the UK this is known as a '1+3' and requires a pass level Masters degree) . Some programs provide for a joint bachelor's and master's degree after about five years. Some universities use the Latin degree names, and due to the flexibility of Latin word order, Artium Magister (AM) or Scientiæ Magister (SM) may be used at some schools. For example, MIT and Harvard use the degree abbreviations A.M. and S.M. for their master's degrees. The Master of Science degree is usually abbreviated as MS in the US and as MSc in Canada.
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MASc, MEng
The Master of Engineering degree is awarded to students who have done graduate work at the masters level in the field of engineering. While in the United States, candidates in engineering are typically awarded MS degrees, in the U.K. and Canada, they are generally given MSc, MASc or MEng degrees. (An example of an MEng-awarding U.S. university is the University of California, Berkeley, of which the Civil & Environmental Engineering department offers both MS and MEng degrees.)
In Canada, the Master of Applied Science (MASc) is awarded to masters students with a research focus (having completed work leading to a thesis), while an MEng is awarded to masters students with a coursework focus and the completion of a research paper. The distinction between MASc and MEng is not definite since some universities grant only an MEng and some universities grant only an MASc, either research or coursework-focused.
MBA, MBOL, MHA, MPP, MPA, MAL
Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master of Business and Organizational Leadership (MBOL), Master of Health Administration (MHA), Master of Public Policy (MPP), and Master of Public Administration (MPA) are professional degrees focusing on management for the private and public sector.
LLM
Master of Laws (LLM) is an advanced professional degree in law. The course typically lasts one year and is usually in a specific area of law. Despite the name, a Master of Laws is a higher degree than a Juris Doctor.
MALS
In 1952, Wesleyan University initiated the first MALS program, to further the educations of regional secondary school teachers. MALS degrees are often undertaken for personal enrichment, or to explore interdisciplinary subjects that do not conform to the scope of traditional master's degree programs.
MArch I., MArch II.
The two-year Master of Architecture (MArch II.) or three-year (MArch I.) is a professional degree in the study of architecture.
MCJ
The Master of Criminal Justice is a professional degree in the study of criminal justice. The program is designed as a terminal degree for professionals in the field of criminal justice or as preparation for doctoral programs.
MDiv, ThM, STM
The Master of Divinity (M.Div.) is the first professional degree in ministry (in the US and Canada) and is a common academic degree among theological seminaries. It is typically three years in length. Other theology degree titles used are Master of Theology (Th. M.) and Master of Sacred Theology (S.T.M.).
MFA
The Master of Fine Arts (MFA) is a two to three year terminal degree in a creative field of study such as theatre arts, creative writing, filmmaking or studio art.
MLA
The Master of Landscape Architecture (MLA) degree is a professional degree in the field of landscape architecture.
MPH, MSPH
The Master of Public Health and Master of Science in Public Health degrees are awarded to students who have completed a post-graduate course of study in Public Health.
MPM
The Master of Project Management is a terminal professional degree awared to students who have completed a post-graduate course of study, and is usually associated with construction management, urban planning, or architecture and engineering design management.
MSN, M.Nur.
The Master of Science in Nursing is the most common title for a graduate professional degree in nursing. A few schools also use the titles Master of Nursing or Master of Arts.
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